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January 21, 2025

5 Stages of Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Guide

5 Stages of Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Guide

Published on 21.01.25 in 
stages of parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease affects many in Singapore and worldwide. It’s a brain disorder that affects how you move and feel.

There are 5 stages of Parkinson's disease that illustrate disease progression and show how it gets worse over time.

Each stage brings new challenges but knowing what to expect will help you and your loved ones better.

From early signs to serious issues, this guide will walk you through each step.

You’ll learn the symptoms and changes as Parkinson’s progresses.

Knowing these stages will make a big difference in your management of it.

It will help you plan and find ways to stay healthy.

Not everyone experiences Parkinson’s disease the same way but this guide will give you a better idea of what’s next.

Key Takeaways

  • Parkinson’s has 5 stages

  • Early diagnosis and awareness of the disease will help you manage symptoms and quality of life

  • Support from healthcare providers, loved ones, and community resources is important throughout all stages of Parkinson’s

Table of Contents
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What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s is a movement disorder that affects the brain and central nervous system, causing movement problems. It’s a progressive disease that gets worse over time.

What are the Causes and Risk Factors?

The exact cause of Parkinson’s is unknown, but several factors may play a role.

Your nerve cells that produce dopamine start to die, leading to symptoms. Parkinson's disease happens when these cells degenerate, disrupting dopamine production. Age is a key risk factor as most Parkinson’s disease starts after 60.

Men are slightly more likely to get Parkinson’s than women. Your genes can increase your risk if close family members have it.

A combination of genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the onset of the disease. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins or head injuries might contribute too.

Some studies suggest that exercise and a healthy diet may lower your risk of Parkinson’s. But more research is needed to confirm.

Non-Motor Symptoms and Diagnosis

Parkinson’s symptoms start gradually and get worse over time.

You may notice:

• Tremors in your hands, arms or legs

• Stiff muscles

• Slow movement (bradykinesia)

• Poor balance and coordination

Other signs may include:

• Changes in speech

• Writing difficulties

• Facial masking (less facial expression)

Non movement symptoms, such as sleep disorders, mood disturbances, and cognitive issues, can also be significant. such as sleep disorders, mood disturbances, and cognitive issues can also be significant.

No single test can diagnose Parkinson’s. Your doctor will do a motor exam and ask about your medical history. They may order brain scans or blood tests to rule out other conditions.

Impact on Motor Skills

Parkinson’s affects your ability to move.

Simple tasks like buttoning a shirt or tying shoes can become challenging.

Movement symptoms affect your ability to do these tasks easily.

You may find it hard to start walking or freeze while moving.

Your posture changes, you may stoop or lean backward when standing. Writing becomes smaller and harder to read.

As the disease progresses, you may need help with daily activities.

Balance problems increase your risk of falling.

Make your home safer by removing trip hazards and adding handrails where necessary.

Despite these challenges, many people with Parkinson’s lead active lives.

Treatment options and support can help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Stage 1: Initial Diagnosis

Stage 1 of Parkinson’s disease, the early stage, is the beginning of the journey. You’ll notice small changes but your daily life won’t be affected yet. Let’s see what to expect and how to navigate this early stage.

Early Symptoms

At this stage, you might notice mild symptoms such as tremors or movement issues on one side of your body.

Your hand may shake a bit or you may feel stiff when walking.

These symptoms are so mild that even doctors can’t spot them.

You may also see changes in:

  • Facial expressions

  • Posture

  • Arm swing when walking

Remember, everyone’s experience is different. Some people may have more noticeable symptoms than others.

Lifestyle Adjustments

While your symptoms are mild, now is a good time to make some positive changes. You can:

  1. Start a low-impact exercise

  2. Learn relaxation techniques

  3. Improve your sleep habits

These will help manage symptoms and improve your overall health.

You may also want to join a support group. Talking to others who understand can be very helpful.

Treatment Options

Your doctor may prescribe medication to control your symptoms. Early treatment options are levodopa or dopamine agonists.

You should also consider:

  • Physical therapy to improve balance and mobility

  • Occupational therapy to make daily tasks easier

  • Speech therapy if you notice any voice changes

Remember, you’re not alone in this. Your healthcare team is with you every step of the way.

With the right care and attitude, many people with Parkinson’s lead full active lives for years after diagnosis.

Stage 2: Mild Parkinson’s

In stage 2, your Parkinson’s symptoms become more obvious and start to affect both sides of your body. You may notice symptoms on both sides of your body now.

Other movement symptoms such as muscle stiffness and posture issues can also emerge, making daily activities and independence more challenging. You’ll face new challenges but there are ways to manage them.

Bilateral Symptoms

At this stage, tremors, stiffness, and trembling may become more obvious.

You may notice these symptoms on both sides of your body now.

Your walk may change, you may walk slower or shuffle. You may have balance and posture issues too.

Daily tasks may take longer but you can still do most things on your own.

Your facial expressions may change, becoming less animated. Your voice may be softer or sound different.

Don’t worry, these changes happen slowly. You have time to adjust and find ways to manage.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can help at this stage.

A therapist can teach you exercises to:

  • Improve balance

  • Keep your muscles strong

  • Manage stiffness

They may also suggest ways to make daily tasks easier.

For example, using special utensils or dressing aids.

Regular exercise is key. It will help you stay flexible and strong. Swimming, walking, or tai chi are good options.

Always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.

Treatment Options

Your doctor may adjust your medication at this stage. Levodopa is often used for movement symptoms.

Other medications may be added to enhance its effects or manage side effects.

Some to discuss with your doctor:

  • Dopamine agonists

  • MAO-B inhibitors

  • Anticholinergics

Everyone’s Parkinson’s is different. Your treatment plan will be tailored to your specific needs.

Don’t be afraid to ask questions or share your concerns with your healthcare team.

They’re with you on this journey.

Stage 3: Moderate Parkinson’s

Stage 3 is a milestone in Parkinson’s disease as it moves into the advanced stages. You’ll face new challenges but there are ways to manage symptoms and live well.

Loss of Balance

At this stage, balance issues become more apparent. You may find it harder to stand or walk steadily.

Falls are more common during this stage.

To help with balance:

  • Try tai chi or yoga

  • Use a walking stick or walker for support

  • Remove tripping hazards at home

Your doctor may recommend physical therapy to improve your stability.

Working with a therapist to learn techniques on how to move more safely.

Independence Challenges

Daily tasks may become more challenging in stage 3. You may need help with:

  • Dressing

  • Eating

  • Personal hygiene

Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Family members or caregivers can provide valuable support.

Occupational therapy can teach you new ways to do tasks.

They may recommend adaptive tools to make daily activities easier.

Treatment Options

As symptoms worsen, your doctor may adjust your treatment plan. Medications may need to be tweaked to manage symptoms better.

Some options to discuss with your doctor:

  • Increasing medication dosages

  • Trying new medications

  • Deep brain stimulation

Support groups can connect you with others who are going through similar challenges. Sharing stories and tips can be helpful.

Stay active and do what you love.

With the right support and treatment, you can still live well in stage 3.

Stage 4: Advanced Parkinson’s

Movement is very difficult at this stage. You’ll need a walker or wheelchair to get around. Daily tasks are challenging without help.

Mobility Assistance

You may not be able to get up from a chair or out of bed by yourself.

A walker or wheelchair is required to move safely.

Freezing episodes may occur more often, making it hard to start walking or change direction.

Consider a power wheelchair if you struggle with a manual one. This will help you stay independent longer.

Physical therapy can teach you exercises to improve balance and strength.

Occupational therapy may recommend home modifications like grab bars or a hospital bed.

Living Arrangements

At this stage, you’ll need full-time care. Living at home is still possible with the right support.

You may need help with cooking, cleaning, and personal care tasks.

Some people move to an assisted living or nursing home. These places offer 24/7 care and support.

They can manage medications and provide social activities.

Family caregivers may need respite care to avoid burnout. Look into adult day care or in-home care for short breaks.

Treatment Options

Your doctor may recommend new treatments.

Injectable or infused medications may work better than pills at this stage.

Deep brain stimulation surgery may be an option if you still respond to levodopa. This can help with tremors and stiffness.

Speech therapy can help with communication issues. A speech device may be helpful if your voice becomes very soft.

You may need to modify your diet. Soft foods are easier to swallow. A feeding tube may be needed if swallowing becomes too hard.

You’re not alone. Reach out to support groups for help and advice.

Stage 5: Late-Stage Parkinson’s

Stage 5 is the most advanced phase of Parkinson’s disease, where Parkinson's patients will need full-time care and may experience severe symptoms.

This stage has its unique challenges but there are ways to manage and maintain quality of life.

24/7 Care

At this stage, you’ll need help with daily activities. You may be bedridden or use a wheelchair all the time.

Eating, dressing and personal hygiene will need a caregiver's help.

Your care team may include:

  • Nurses

  • Physical therapists

  • Occupational therapists

  • Speech therapists

They will work together to keep you comfortable and address your needs. Your loved ones will also be involved in your care.

Be sure to communicate your wishes and needs to your care team.

End of Life Considerations

During this stage, it’s important to discuss your end-of-life care. This can include:

  • Advance directives

  • Do-not-resuscitate orders

  • Palliative care options

Hospice care may be recommended to manage symptoms and comfort.

It’s a tough conversation but planning ahead will ensure your wishes are honored.

Your family and caregivers should be involved in these conversations. They can advocate for your needs and preferences.

Treatment Options

Even in late-stage, Parkinson’s treatment can help with symptoms and quality of life.

Your doctor may adjust medications to manage motor symptoms and non motor issues like depression or sleep.

Deep brain stimulation may be considered if not done earlier. This can help with some motor symptoms.

Other treatments may include:

  • Physical therapy for mobility

  • Speech therapy for swallowing and communication

  • Occupational therapy for daily living skills

Products to Help with Symptoms

Living with Parkinson’s is tough but there are many products to help with Parkinson’s symptoms and improve your quality of life. Let’s look into some that may be helpful for you or your loved ones.

Medications

Prescription medications are a big part of managing Parkinson’s symptoms. Your doctor may prescribe:

  • Levodopa: Replaces dopamine in the brain

  • Dopamine agonists: Mimics dopamine’s effects

  • MAO-B inhibitors: Slows down dopamine breakdown

In Singapore, these medications are available at major hospitals and clinics. Always discuss side effects with your doctor.

Some people also try natural health products like coffee, cannabis or turmeric. Always consult your doctor before using these as they can interact with your medications.

Assistive Devices

Many devices can help you stay independent and safe:

  • Weighted utensils: Make eating easier if you have tremors

  • Button hooks: Make dressing less frustrating

  • Grab bars: Improve bathroom safety

In Singapore, you can find these at medical supply stores or online retailers. Your occupational therapist can recommend the best option for you.

Wellness Products

Taking care of your overall health is important. Consider these wellness products:

  • Yoga mats: For gentle exercise and stretching

  • Massage tools: Relieve muscle stiffness

  • Antioxidant-rich foods: Berries and nuts for brain health

Many of these are available at local health food stores or wellness centers in Singapore.

Hydrogen Inhalation Therapy

Hydrogen inhalation therapy is a cutting-edge option for managing Parkinson’s symptoms. By delivering molecular hydrogen directly into the body, this therapy may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which play a role in Parkinson’s progression.

Studies suggest that hydrogen therapy can improve motor function and overall well-being.

Our H2 Power Program for Parkinson's Patients is designed to make this therapy accessible and effective for you. Learn more about how hydrogen therapy works and sign up for our program today to experience its potential benefits. Visit theh2therapy.com for more details.

Remember what works for one person may not work for another. It’s all about finding what works for you.

Living with Parkinson’s

Living with Parkinson’s is tough as Parkinson’s affects daily activities and overall quality of life. However, there are ways to make it easier. Taking care of your mental health, joining support groups, and staying active can help you manage symptoms and live well.

Importance of Mental Health

Your mental well-being is a big part of how you cope with Parkinson’s. Feeling down or anxious is common but there are ways to manage it:

• Talk to a therapist who knows about Parkinson’s

• Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing

• Try mindfulness meditation to reduce stress

• Keep a journal to express your feelings

It’s okay to have bad days. Be kind to yourself and celebrate small wins.

Remember that your worth isn’t defined by your symptoms.

Benefits of Support Groups

You’re not alone in this journey. Support groups can be a big help. They offer:

• A chance to meet others who understand it

• Tips for daily living

• Information on new treatments

• A space to share your feelings

Look for local Parkinson’s support groups or online communities. Sharing your story can be therapeutic and you may even make new friends.

Recommended Exercises

Staying active is key to managing Parkinson’s. Try these:

  1. Tai chi for balance and flexibility

  2. Yoga to improve posture and reduce stiffness

  3. Swimming for low impact cardio

  4. Boxing to improve coordination

Start slow and listen to your body. Always consult your doctor before starting a new exercise regime.

Regular movement can help improve your mood and make you feel more in control.

Support and Resources

parkinson support

Living with Parkinson’s is tough but you’re not alone. There are many ways to get help and connect with others who face similar challenges.

Patient Support Groups

You can find comfort and advice by joining a support group. Parkinson Society Singapore has regular meetups where you can share your experiences with others.

These groups can make you feel less alone and learn new ways to manage.

Online forums are another option. You can connect from home and chat anytime.

Facebook has several Parkinson’s groups for Singaporeans.

Local hospitals also have support sessions. Ask your doctor about groups at places like Tan Tock Seng Hospital or Singapore General Hospital.

Caregiver Resources

If you’re caring for someone with Parkinson’s, you need to take care of yourself too. Agency for Integrated Care offers caregiver training courses where you can learn practical skills.

Respite care services can give you a break when you need it. Many community centers offer short-term care options.

Don’t forget to take care of yourself. Join a caregiver support group to share your feelings and get advice from others who are in the same boat.

Advocacy and Awareness

You can make a difference by spreading awareness about Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s Disease Society Singapore has events and campaigns you can participate in.

Consider volunteering at local Parkinson’s organizations. Your time and skills can help improve services for others.

Share your story to educate others and reduce stigma.

Social media is a good platform to spread awareness and connect with the larger community.

Final Thoughts

Living with Parkinson’s is tough. You’ve learned about the 5 stages from early symptoms to advanced care needs.

Remember everyone’s journey is different.

Stay hopeful and connected. Support from loved ones and healthcare professionals can make a big impact on your life.

Keep up with your meds and therapies. They can help manage symptoms and slow down the disease.

Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it.

For caregivers, you are invaluable. Take care of yourself too.

Get respite care and join support groups to share and get advice.

Research on Parkinson’s is ongoing. New treatments and therapies are being developed. Stay up to date.

You’re not alone in this fight. Many people and resources are available to help you. Hospice and palliative care can give you comfort and dignity in later stages.

Be strong, be positive, and keep moving. Your courage in facing Parkinson's is truly inspiring.

Discover the 5 stages of Parkinson's disease, from early signs to advanced care, and learn how to manage symptoms effectively!

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    Brother Soo is a health coach at The H2 Therapy. Discover how hydrogen therapy can help you to Sleep Better, Heal Faster , Reduce Inflammation Pain and Feel Stronger.

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