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January 17, 2025

What is Parkinson's Disease? Causes and Symptoms

What is Parkinson's Disease? Causes and Symptoms

Published on 17.01.25 in 
what is parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that affects movement and gets worse over time. It happens when nerve cells in a part of the brain stop working right. These cells make a chemical called dopamine that helps control movement.

Parkinson's disease causes shaking, stiffness, and trouble with walking, balance, and coordination. The symptoms start slowly and get worse as time goes on. People with Parkinson's may have trouble talking and writing. They might also have mental and mood changes.

In Singapore, about 3 in 100 people over 50 have Parkinson's disease. That's around 8,000 people.

Knowing about this disease is important. If you notice symptoms in yourself or someone you know, seeing a doctor early can help manage them better.

Key Takeaways

  • Parkinson's disease affects movement and gets worse over time

  • Symptoms include shaking, stiffness, and trouble with walking and balance

  • Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life

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What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive movement disorder that affects your movement and balance. It happens when cells in a part of your brain called the substantia nigra start to die off.

The substantia nigra is important because it makes a chemical called dopamine. This chemical helps control your movements and keeps them smooth.

Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the nervous system, affecting nerve cells in the brain and leading to various motor and non-motor symptoms.

When you have Parkinson’s, you don’t have enough dopamine, so your movements become jerky and harder to control.

Some common signs of Parkinson’s include:

  • Shaking or tremors, especially when you’re resting

  • Stiff muscles

  • Slow movements

  • Trouble with balance and walking

You might also notice:

  • Your handwriting gets smaller

  • Your face doesn’t show as much expression

  • Your voice gets softer or sounds different

Parkinson’s is different for everyone. You might have some of these signs but not others.

If you observe any of these changes, it’s important to consult your doctor. They can help figure out what’s going on and get you the right care.

Remember, you’re not alone in this. Many people live well with Parkinson’s, and there are lots of ways to manage the symptoms. Your doctor can help you find the best plan for you.

What Causes Parkinson's Disease?

The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease isn’t fully understood. But scientists have found some clues.

One of the hallmark signs of Parkinson’s disease is the presence of Lewy bodies, which are deposits of the protein alpha-synuclein that accumulate in affected brain cells.

Your genes play a role. Certain genetic mutations can increase your risk of developing Parkinson’s. If you have a close relative with the disease, your chances go up too.

Environmental factors may trigger Parkinson’s in some people. These include:

• Exposure to pesticides

• Living in rural areas

• Drinking well water

• Head injuries

Age is another risk factor. Parkinson’s usually starts after age 60, though it can occur earlier.

Men are more likely to get Parkinson’s than women. The reasons for this aren’t clear yet.

Some studies suggest that certain lifestyle habits might help prevent Parkinson’s:

• Regular exercise

• Drinking coffee

• Not smoking

Having these risk factors doesn’t mean you’ll definitely get Parkinson’s. And some people develop it without any known risk factors.

If you’re worried about Parkinson’s, talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your personal risk and suggest ways to keep your brain healthy.

What are the Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson’s disease can cause a range of symptoms that affect your movement and other body functions. These symptoms often start slowly and get worse over time. Parkinson’s disease is one of several movement disorders, which are also neurological disorders that disrupt normal body movements.

The main motor symptoms you might experience include:

• Tremor (shaking) in your hands, arms, or legs

• Stiffness or rigidity in your muscles

• Slow movement (bradykinesia)

• Problems with balance and coordination

You may also notice changes in your walking. Your steps might become shorter and shuffling. Some people develop a stooped posture.

Non-motor symptoms can be just as challenging. These may include:

• Sleep disorders

• Mood changes like depression or anxiety

• Constipation

• Loss of sense of smell

Cognitive changes like trouble concentrating or memory issues can occur as the disease progresses.

It’s important to remember that symptoms can vary from person to person. You might not experience all these symptoms, which may appear in different orders.

Don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor if you notice any of these signs. Early diagnosis can help you get the right treatment and support.

Examining The Parkinson's Disease Progression Over Time

Parkinson’s disease progresses slowly over many years. The symptoms and their impact change as time goes on. Let’s look at how the disease unfolds in different stages.

Consulting healthcare professionals who specialize in nervous system disorders is crucial for managing the progression of Parkinson’s disease.

Early Stages

In the beginning, you might notice small changes. Your handwriting may get smaller. You could feel stiff or move a bit slower. One side of your body may shake a little when you're resting.

These early signs can be hard to spot. You might brush them off as normal aging. But they can be the first hints of Parkinson's.

At this point, you can still do most daily tasks on your own. Work and home life may not change much yet. But it's important to see a doctor if you notice these signs.

Mid Stages

As time goes on, your symptoms may get worse. You might:

  • Walk with shorter steps

  • Have more trouble with balance

  • Speak more softly

  • Feel stiffer in your arms and legs

Daily tasks become harder. You may need help with some things like getting dressed. Work might be more challenging.

Your doctor may change your medicine or add new ones. Levodopa therapy is often used to alleviate symptoms, although its effectiveness may diminish over time as the disease progresses. Physical therapy can help you stay active and strong.

Advanced Stages

In later stages, symptoms can really affect your daily life. You might:

  • Need a walker or wheelchair

  • Have trouble swallowing

  • Experience confusion or memory problems

  • Need full-time care

This stage can be hard, but there's still hope. New treatments are always being studied. Your care team can help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Remember, everyone's journey with Parkinson's is different. Some people progress slowly, others more quickly. Regular check-ups with your doctor are key to staying on top of changes and getting the right care.

Exploring Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease

risk factors of pd

You might wonder what puts you at risk for Parkinson's disease. While the exact cause is unknown, scientists have found some factors that may increase your chances.

Age plays a big role. Most people with Parkinson's are over 60 when symptoms start. As you get older, your risk goes up.

Your genes can also affect your risk. If your parents or siblings have Parkinson's, you might be more likely to get it too.

Environmental factors may play a part. Exposure to certain pesticides or toxins could increase your risk.

Other things that might raise your chances include:

  • Being male

  • Having had a head injury

  • Living in rural areas

  • Drinking well water

Having these risk factors doesn't mean you'll definitely get Parkinson's. Many people with risk factors never develop the disease.

If you're worried about your risk, talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your personal risk factors and suggest ways to stay healthy.

Keep in mind that research is ongoing. Scientists are always learning more about what causes Parkinson's and how to prevent it.

Investigating Genetic Links to Parkinson's Disease

Scientists are looking at genes to learn more about Parkinson's disease. Your genes may play a role in whether you get this condition.

Researchers have found 19 genes linked to parkinsonism. These genes can cause the disease or increase your risk of getting it.

One important gene is called PARK3. It affects how your body makes dopamine, a key brain chemical. The SPR gene in the PARK3 area is especially important for dopamine production.

Studying families with Parkinson's has helped scientists find these genetic links. However, looking at larger groups of people who aren't related can also show how genes affect risk.

Here are some ways researchers study Parkinson's genetics:

  • Family studies

  • Large population studies

  • Looking at specific genes

  • Studying proteins made by genes

Learning about these genetic links helps doctors understand Parkinson's better. This knowledge could lead to new treatments in the future.

If Parkinson's runs in your family, you might worry about your risk. Talk to your doctor about genetic testing options. They can help you understand what the results mean for you.

Remember, having a genetic risk doesn't mean you'll definitely get Parkinson's. Many factors, including your environment, play a role too.

Discussing Environmental Factors

Research shows that environmental factors may play a role in Parkinson's disease. Scientists are studying various elements that could increase your risk.

Some factors being looked at include:

  • Exposure to pesticides and herbicides

  • Living in rural areas

  • Well water consumption

  • Certain occupations

Living on a farm or having animals at home might be linked to a higher risk. But this could also point to other lifestyle factors.

Air pollution and heavy metals are also being studied. Some research suggests they might affect brain health.

It's important to note that having these risk factors doesn't mean you'll definitely get Parkinson's. Many people with these exposures never develop the disease.

If you're worried about environmental risks, talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your personal risk factors and suggest ways to stay healthy.

Remember, Parkinson's disease is complex. It likely results from a mix of genetic and environmental influences. More research is needed to fully understand how these factors work together.

How is Parkinson's Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosing Parkinson's disease can be done in different ways. It’s not always easy to tell.

One way is to look at how you move. The doctor might ask you to walk or do simple tasks with your hands. They watch for signs like shaking or stiff muscles.

Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease isn’t perfect. Sometimes it’s hard to tell Parkinson’s from other similar conditions.

Some new methods are being tested:

  • Brain scans

  • Blood tests

  • Voice analysis

These might help doctors spot Parkinson’s earlier and more accurately. It’s also important to monitor for side effects of treatments, such as orthostatic hypotension, which is a common issue with medications like levodopa.

Computer programs are also being used to help. They can analyze data from tests and help doctors make better choices.

If you notice shaking, slow movement, or balance problems, it’s important to see a doctor. They can check if it’s Parkinson’s or something else.

Remember, getting help early can make a big difference. Your doctor is there to support you and answer your questions.

Living with Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease can make daily life challenging. You might struggle with simple tasks like buttoning a shirt or writing. Your movements may become slow and stiff.

Daily activities can be difficult for people with Parkinson's. You may need help with things you used to do on your own.

Tremors and balance problems can make walking tricky. You might worry about falling. It's important to make your home safe by removing trip hazards.

Treatment can help manage symptoms. Medicines can improve movement and reduce tremors. Physical therapy can help with balance and flexibility.

Your quality of life matters too. Support groups let you connect with others who understand what you're going through.

Remember, you're not alone. Many people live full lives with Parkinson's. Stay positive and focus on what you can do, not what you can't.

Talk to your doctor about any new symptoms or concerns. They can adjust your treatment plan to help you feel your best.

With the right care and support, you can still enjoy life's pleasures. Stay active, spend time with loved ones, and pursue your interests. Your journey with Parkinson's is unique, but you've got this!

How Does Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment Work for Parkinson's?

Treating Parkinson's disease focuses on easing symptoms and improving your quality of life. There's no one-size-fits-all approach, so your doctor will work with you to find the best plan.

Medications play a big role in managing Parkinson's. Levodopa is a common drug that helps with movement issues. Other medicines can also help with different symptoms.

Exercise is super important too. It can help you stay flexible and strong. Your doctor might suggest things like:

  • Walking

  • Swimming

  • Stretching

  • Tai chi

Sometimes, surgery might be an option. Deep brain stimulation can help some people when medicines don't work well enough.

You might also work with different specialists. A physical therapist can help with movement, while a speech therapist can help with talking and swallowing.

Remember, your treatment plan might change over time. It's important to stay in touch with your healthcare team and let them know how you're feeling.

Don't hesitate to ask questions or share concerns with your doctor. They're there to help you manage your symptoms and live your best life with Parkinson's.

Supporting Parkinson's Disease Patients

People with Parkinson's need care and support. There are resources to help patients and their families cope with the disease.

Caregiver Resources

Caring for someone with Parkinson's can be tough. You can find help to make it easier. Many organizations offer training for caregivers. These teach you about the disease and how to help.

Books and websites have tips on daily care. They cover things like helping with movement and dealing with symptoms. Some groups give respite care. This lets caregivers take a break.

In Singapore, the Parkinson Society Singapore offers caregiver support programs. They have classes and counseling. These help you learn to care for your loved one and yourself.

Support Groups and Communities

You're not alone in dealing with Parkinson's. Support groups bring together patients and families. They share experiences and advice. This can help you feel less isolated.

Many hospitals run support groups. You can also find online communities. These let you connect with others anytime. Some focus on specific issues like young-onset Parkinson's.

In Singapore, there are regular meetups for patients. The National Neuroscience Institute holds support group sessions. These give you a chance to talk with others facing similar challenges.

Research and Developments in Parkinson's Disease

Scientists are always working to find better ways to treat Parkinson's disease. They're looking at new medicines and therapies to help people with this condition.

One exciting area of study is deep brain stimulation. This treatment uses small electrical pulses to help control symptoms. It's showing promise for many patients.

Researchers are also exploring gene therapy. This could help fix the problems in brain cells that cause Parkinson's. It's still in the early stages, but it looks hopeful.

Another focus is on early detection. Finding Parkinson's sooner could lead to better treatment. Scientists are looking for signs that show up before the main symptoms start.

There's also work being done on personalized medicine. This means tailoring treatments to each person's specific needs. It could make treatments more effective and have fewer side effects.

Can Parkinson’s Disease Be Prevented?

While there’s currently no guaranteed way to prevent Parkinson’s disease, research suggests certain lifestyle habits may reduce the risk.

Here’s what science has to say about taking care of your brain and overall health:

1. Stay Active

Exercise isn’t just good for your body—it’s great for your brain too. Studies show that regular physical activity can lower the risk of Parkinson’s disease by improving blood flow, reducing inflammation, and promoting the release of neuroprotective chemicals.

2. Eat Brain-Healthy Foods

The Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, and anti-inflammatory compounds, may protect brain cells from damage. Foods like berries, leafy greens, nuts, and fatty fish can support neurological health.

3. Protect Your Brain

Avoiding head injuries is crucial. Studies have shown a link between traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease, possibly due to brain cell damage and inflammation caused by injury.

4. Avoid Harmful Toxins

Pesticides and herbicides like paraquat and rotenone are strongly associated with a higher risk of Parkinson’s. Minimizing exposure can help lower your risk.

5. Stay Social and Mentally Engaged

Staying socially active and mentally stimulated through activities like puzzles, learning new skills, or engaging in hobbies can reduce the risk of cognitive decline and neurological disorders.

6. Drink Coffee (If You Like It!)

Caffeine consumption may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease by promoting dopamine release and protecting brain cells. However, moderation is key.

7. Consider Hydrogen Therapy

Hydrogen therapy, though still under study, has shown promise in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key contributors to Parkinson’s disease. Early studies indicate that it may have neuroprotective effects.

While factors like genetics and aging are beyond your control, adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way in reducing your risk of Parkinson’s disease. Small, consistent changes add up to big benefits for your brain and body.

For a comprehensive approach, consider exploring our H2 Power Program at The H2 Therapy, designed to support brain health through innovative treatments like hydrogen therapy. It’s never too late to prioritize your well-being!

How Can Hydrogen Inhalation Therapy Relieve Parkinson's Symptoms?

Hydrogen inhalation therapy is a new treatment that might help you if you have Parkinson's disease. This therapy involves breathing in a mix of hydrogen gas and regular air.

Some studies suggest that hydrogen gas may protect brain cells from damage. It might do this by fighting harmful substances in your body called free radicals.

Here are some ways hydrogen therapy could potentially help:

  • Reduce inflammation in your brain

  • Improve how your cells make energy

  • Protect your nerve cells from dying

Early research shows promise, but more studies are needed. Scientists are still learning how this therapy works and how much it might help.

Final Thoughts

final thoughts on parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a complex neurological condition that affects millions worldwide.

You've learned about its main symptoms, including tremors, stiffness, and balance problems. Remember, these signs can vary from person to person.

The exact cause of Parkinson's remains unknown. Researchers believe it's a mix of genetic and environmental factors.

While there's no cure yet, many treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life with the help of a geriatric medicine specialist.

If you notice any signs of Parkinson's, don't hesitate to talk to your doctor. Early diagnosis can make a big difference in your treatment journey.

Living with Parkinson's can be challenging, but you're not alone. Support groups and specialized care teams can provide valuable help and resources.

Stay positive and focus on what you can do, not what you can't.

Remember, Parkinson's research is ongoing. New treatments and therapies are being developed all the time. There's always hope for better management and even a cure in the future.

In fact, at The H2 Therapy, we are running a H2 Power Program to help Parkinson's patients improve their quality of life. The program comes with a money-back guarantee. Therefore, if you know someone who is struggling with Parkinson's disease or you are suffering from it, be sure to give it a shot.

Is Parkinson's affecting your loved ones? Discover causes, symptoms, and a revolutionary therapy that offers hope!

Author

  • how to manage cancer pain

    Brother Soo is a health coach at The H2 Therapy. Discover how hydrogen therapy can help you to Sleep Better, Heal Faster , Reduce Inflammation Pain and Feel Stronger.

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